A legacy of Soviet-era formality and control still characterizes the nearly 1,200-kilometer border separating Iran from Turkmenistan. Crossing between these two nations is a deliberate and structured process, moving from the vibrant culture of Iran into one of Central Asia’s most regulated societies. Your experience will be shaped by strict procedures and a distinct lack of spontaneity.
You have four main border crossings to choose from. The most common one for travelers is between Bajgiran, Iran, and Howdan, Turkmenistan, which is the closest to both Mashhad and Ashgabat. Another key crossing is at Sarakhs, a major rail and road link. Further east, you can cross at Lotfabad-Artyk, and there is a crossing at Gudurolum-Etrek in the west, though this is less frequently used by travelers.
The Bajgiran-Howdan crossing operates on a strict schedule, typically closing in the late afternoon, so an early start is essential. You should not expect to cross after hours. The process itself is thorough, and you should have all your visa paperwork in perfect order, as Turkmen authorities are known for their meticulous inspections. Be prepared for your luggage to be searched and for officials to review your itinerary.
An interesting feature of this border is the local trade dynamic. The Lotfabad crossing, for instance, functions as a special economic zone where locals from both sides can interact and trade with fewer restrictions. For international travelers, however, the rules remain rigid. The landscape is largely desert, so be prepared for hot, dry conditions for much of the year.